Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
| Morphology |
HIV is a member of the Retroviridae family, genus Lentivirus. Are double stranded DNA viruses enclosed within an icosahedral capsid. HIV is an
icosahedral, enveloped virus, of approximately 100 to 110 nm in diameter, and has
a single-stranded, linear, positive-sense RNA genome
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| Disease |
HIV is the causative agent of AIDS. AIDS is characterized by symptoms and infections
caused by the breakdown of the immune system due to HIV infection. Due to immunodeficiency,
patients succumb to various fungi, parasites, bacteria, and/or viruses and are prone
to certain tumors.
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| Zoonosis |
none.
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| Host Range | Humans |
|---|---|
| Modes of Transmission |
Exposure of the virus to oral rectal, or vaginal mucosa during sexual activity. Transfusion
of contaminated blood products, using contaminated equipment during injection drug
use. Mother to infant during pregnancy.
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| Signs and Symptoms |
AIDS is characterized by symptoms and infections caused by the breakdown of the immune
system due to HIV infection. Due to immunodeficiency, patients succumb to various
fungi, parasites, bacteria, and/or viruses and are prone to certain tumors.
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| Infectious Dose |
unknown
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| Incubation Period |
Ranges from less than 1 year to 15 years or longer.
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| Prophylaxis | Antiretroviral agents: NRTIs, NtRTIs, NNRTIs, PIs and fusion inhibitors. |
|---|---|
| Vaccines | None available. |
| Treatment |
Antiretroviral agents: NRTIs, NtRTIs, NNRTIs, PIs and fusion inhibitors
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| Surveillance | Monitor for symptoms |
| MSU Requirements | Report any exposures |
| Laboratory Acquired Infections (LAIs) | As of 2001, there have been a total of 57 cases of documented occupationally acquired
HIV among U.S. health care workers.
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|---|---|
| Sources |
Blood, semen, vaginal secretions, cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, peritoneal
fluid, pleural fluid, pericardial fluid, breast milk, and infected human tissues,
other samples described in IBC protocol.
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Canadian MSDS
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http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/lab-bio/res/psds-ftss/index-eng.php |
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| BMBL | https://www.cdc.gov/labs/bmbl/?CDC_AAref_Val=https://www.cdc.gov/labs/BMBL.html |
| CDC | https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/ |
| NIH Guidelines | https://osp.od.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/NIH_Guidelines.pdf |
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Risk Group 2
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Agents that are associated with human disease which is rarely serious and for which preventive or therapeutic interventions are often available. |
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BSL2 with BSL3 practices
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For all procedures involving suspected or known infectious specimen or cultures.
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ABSL2
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For all procedures utilizing infected animals.
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Small
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Notify others working in the lab. Remove PPE and don new PPE. Cover area of the spill
with absorbent material and add fresh 1:10 bleach:water. Allow 20 munutes (or as directed)
of contact time. After 20 minutes, cleanup and dispose of materials.
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Large
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Mucous membrane
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Flush eyes, mouth, or nose for 5 minutes at eyewash station.
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Other Exposures
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Wash area with soap and water for 5 minutes.
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| Reporting |
Immediately report incident to supervisor, complete a First Report of Injury form, and submit to Safety and Risk Management.
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Medical Follow-up
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During business hours: Bridger Occupational Health 3406 Laramie Drive. Weekdays 8am -6pm. Weekends 9am-5pm
After business hours: Bozeman Deaconess Hospital Emergency Room 915 Highland Blvd Bozeman, MT |
| Disinfection | Susceptible to 1:10 bleach:water, 70 % ethanol |
|---|---|
| Inactivation | Inactivated by moist heat (15 minutes at 121oC) and dry heat (1 hour at 170oC). |
| Survival Outside Host | unknown |
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Minimum PPE Requirements
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Lab coat, disposable gloves, safety glasses, closed toed shoes, long pants
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Additional Precautions
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Additioanl PPE may be required depending on lab specific SOPs and IBC Protocol. |