Influenza A Virus
subtypes H5, H7, and H9
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| Morphology | Member of Family Orthomyxoviridae. Negative sense single-stranded RNA virus. Virus capsid is enveloped. Virions are spherical to pleomorphic. |
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Disease
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In humans, clinical presentations resulting from infection by IAV subtypes H5, H7, and H9 range from asymptomatic or mild illness, such as conjunctivitis or mild upper respiratory tract illness, to severe respiratory illness. |
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Zoonosis
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Sporadic infections have occurred in humans. |
| Host Range | Primarily domestic and wild avian species, sporadic in mammals (vertebrates). |
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Modes of Transmission
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Human infection with IAVs of H5, H7, and H9 subtypes primarily occurs through exposure of mucous membranes to secretions or excreta from infected birds and can also occur by inhalation of aerosols, droplets, or contact transmission. Transmission by contact with virus-contaminated environments and fomites is plausible. |
| Signs and Symptoms |
Fever, runny nose, sore throat, diarrhea, coughing, vomiting, nausea, lethargy, myalgia, anorexia and dyspnea. Conjunctivitis. |
| Infectious Dose | Unknown in humans. |
| Incubation Period | 2-5 days, ranging up to 17 days in humans. |
| Prophylaxis |
Antiviral chemoprohylaxis with antiviral drugs.
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| Vaccines |
Seasonal vaccine available.
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| Treatment | Neuraminidase inhibitors, including oseltamivir, zanamivir, peramivir and laninamivir. |
| Surveillance |
Daily temperature recording.
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MSU Requirements
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Report any exposures.
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| Laboratory Acquired Infections (LAIs) | None reported to date.
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| Sources |
Cultures, frozen stocks, other samples described in IBC protocol.
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BMBL
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https://www.cdc.gov/labs/bmbl/?CDC_AAref_Val=https://www.cdc.gov/labs/BMBL.html |
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NIH Guidelines
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CDC
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https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/ |
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Canada PSDS
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http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/lab-bio/res/psds-ftss/index-eng.php |
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Risk Group 3
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Agents are associated with serious or lethal human disease for which preventive or therapeutic interventions may be available. |
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BSL3
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For all procedures involving suspected or known infectious specimen or cultures.
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Small
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Notify others working in the lab. Remove PPE and don new PPE. Cover area of the spill
with absorbent material and add fresh 1:10 bleach:water. Allow 20 munutes (or as directed)
of contact time. After 20 minutes, cleanup and dispose of materials.
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Large
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Mucous membrane
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Flush eyes, mouth, or nose for 5 minutes at eyewash station.
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Other Exposures
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Wash area with soap and water for 5 minutes.
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| Reporting |
Immediately report incident to supervisor, complete a First Report of Injury form, and submit to Safety and Risk Management.
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Medical Follow-up
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During business hours: Bridger Occupational Health 3406 Laramie Drive. Weekdays 8am -6pm. Weekends 9am-5pm
After business hours: Bozeman Deaconess Hospital Emergency Room 915 Highland Blvd Bozeman, MT |
| Disinfection |
Susceptible to 1:10 bleach:water, 70 % ethanol and 5 % Lysol 1.5 % Micro-Chem Plus.
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| Inactivation |
Influenza A is sensitive to treatment with heat, lipid solvents, non-ionic detergents,
formaldehyde, oxidizing agents, irradiation. Inactivated by moist heat (1 hour at
121oC) and dry heat (1 hour at 160-170oC).
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Survival Outside Host
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Influenza viruses can remain infectious for about one week at human body temperature,
over 30 days at 0° C, and indefinitely at very low temperatures.
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Minimum PPE Requirements
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Lab coat, disposable gloves, safety glasses, closed toed shoes, long pants
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Additional Precautions
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Additioanl PPE may be required depending on lab specific SOPs and IBC Protocol. |