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FRONT COVER

Maple: Steve Eilers

 

 

PLANT ID

Apple/Crabapple

A Katrina Mendrey, Montana State University
B Sarah Eilers, Montana State University
C Sarah Eilers, Montana State University
D Richard Krott, Tizer Botanical Gardens

 

Arborvitae

A Sarah Eilers, Montana State University
B Sarah Eilers, Montana State University
C Sarah Eilers, Montana State University


Birch

A Sarah Eilers, Montana State University
B Sarah Eilers, Montana State University
C Sarah Eilers, Montana State University
D Sarah Eilers, Montana State University


Boxelder

A Sarah Eilers, Montana State University
B Sarah Eilers, Montana State University
C Sarah Eilers, Montana State University


Callery Pear/Bradford Pear

A Sarah Eilers, Montana State University
B Sarah Eilers, Montana State University
C Sarah Eilers, Montana State University
D Sarah Eilers, Montana State University


Sour Cherry/Pie Cherry/Tart Cherry

A pixabay.com
B Sarah Eilers, Montana State University
C Sarah Eilers, Montana State University


Cotoneaster/Hedge Cottoneaster

A Sarah Eilers, Montana State University
B Richard Krott, Tizer Botanical Gardens
C Sarah Eilers, Montana State University
D Sarah Eilers, Montana State University


Douglas-Fir

A Sarah Eilers, Montana State University
B Mary Ellen (Mel) Harte, Bugwood.org
C Jim Eilers
D Jim Eilers


Elm

A Sarah Eilers, Montana State University
B Sarah Eilers, Montana State University
C Sarah Eilers, Montana State University
D Sarah Eilers, Montana State University


Fir

A Sarah Eilers, Montana State University
B Sarah Eilers, Montana State University
C Sarah Eilers, Montana State University
D Dave Powell, USDA Forest Service (retired), Bugwood.org


Grape

A Richard Krott, Tizer Botanical Gardens
B Richard Krott, Tizer Botanical Gardens
C Richard Krott, Tizer Botanical Gardens

 

Green Ash

A Sarah Eilers, Montana State University
B Sarah Eilers, Montana State University
C Sarah Eilers, Montana State University
D Sarah Eilers, Montana State University


Hackberry

A Sarah Eilers, Montana State University
B Sarah Eilers, Montana State University
C Sarah Eilers, Montana State University
D Sarah Eilers, Montana State University


Hawthorn

A Sarah Eilers, Montana State University
B Sarah Eilers, Montana State University
C Sarah Eilers, Montana State University
D Carol Zimmer


Thornless Honeylocust

A Sarah Eilers, Montana State University
B Sarah Eilers, Montana State University
C Sarah Eilers, Montana State University


Buckeye and Horsechestnut

A Sarah Eilers, Montana State University
B Sarah Eilers, Montana State University
C Sarah Eilers, Montana State University
D Sarah Eilers, Montana State University


Juniper

A Sarah Eilers, Montana State University
B Sarah Eilers, Montana State University
C Sarah Eilers, Montana State University

 

Lilac

A Sarah Eilers, Montana State University
B Sarah Eilers, Montana State University
C Sarah Eilers, Montana State University


Linden

A Joseph OBrien, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org
B Richard Webb, Bugwood.org
C Sarah Eilers, Montana State University
D Sarah Eilers, Montana State University


Maple

A Sarah Eilers, Montana State University
B Sarah Eilers, Montana State University
C Sarah Eilers, Montana State University
D Richard Krott, Tizer Botanical Gardens


European Mountain Ash

A Pat Breen, Oregon State University
B Sarah Eilers, Montana State University
C Richard Krott, Tizer Botanical Gardens
D Sarah Eilers, Montana State University


Bur Oak

A Sarah Eilers, Montana State University
B Sarah Eilers, Montana State University
C Sarah Eilers, Montana State University
D Sarah Eilers, Montana State University


Pine

A Sarah Eilers, Montana State University
B Sarah Eilers, Montana State University
C Sarah Eilers, Montana State University
D Sarah Eilers, Montana State University


Quaking Aspen/Poplar/Cottonwood

A John Ruter University of Georgia, Bugwood.org
B Sarah Eilers, Montana State University
C Sarah Eilers, Montana State University
D Sarah Eilers, Montana State University


Colorado Blue Spruce

A Sarah Eilers, Montana State University
B Sarah Eilers, Montana State University
C Sarah Eilers, Montana State University
D Sarah Eilers, Montana State University


Virginia Creeper

A Richard Krott, Tizer Botanical Gardens
B Richard Krott, Tizer Botanical Gardens
C Sarah Eilers, Montana State University
D Sarah Eilers, Montana State University


White Willow/Golden Willow

A Sarah Eilers, Montana State University
B Robert Vidéki, Doronicum Kft., Bugwood.org
C Sarah Eilers, Montana State University
D Sarah Eilers, Montana State University

 

 

DISEASES

Anthracnose

A William M. Brown Jr., Bugwood.org
B Robert L. Anderson, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org
C Eva Grimme, Montana State University
D Joseph OBrien, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org


Apple Scab

A Bruce Watt, University of Maine, Bugwood.org
B Clemson University - USDA Cooperative Extension Slide Series, Bugwood.org
C Bruce Watt, University of Maine, Bugwood.org


Bacterial Blight of Lilac

A William Jacobi, Colorado State University, Bugwood.org
B William Jacobi, Colorado State University, Bugwood.org
C Eva Grimme, Montana State University
D Eva Grimme, Montana State University


Bacterial Wetwood or Slime-flux

A Mike Schomaker, Colorado State Forest Service, Bugwood.org
B Joseph OBrien, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org
C William Jacobi, Colorado State University, Bugwood.org


Black Canker of Willow

A Patrick Mangan, Montana State University
B Sherrie Smith, University of Arkansas


Black Knot

A Paul A. Mistretta, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org
B Mike Schomaker, Colorado State Forest Service, Bugwood.org
C Joseph OBrien, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org


Cedar-Apple Rust

A Gerald Holmes, California Polytechnic State University at San Luis Obispo, Bugwood.org
B Brian Olson, Oklahoma State University, Bugwood.org
C John Hartman, University of Kentucky, Bugwood.org
D Elizabeth Bush, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Bugwood.org


Cedar-Hawthorn Rust

A John Hartman, University of Kentucky, Bugwood.org
B Robert L. Anderson, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org
C Daniel H. Brown, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org
D Ward Upham, Kansas State University, Bugwood.org


Crown Gall

A Lesley Ingram, Bugwood.org
B Edward L. Barnard, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Bugwood.org
C Eva Grimme, Montana State University


Cytospora Canker

A Joseph OBrien, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org
B Eva Grimme, Montana State University
C USDA Forest Service, Northern and Intermountain Region, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org
D Eva Grimme, Montana State University


Diplodia Tip Blight

A Linda Haugen, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org
B Susan K. Hagle, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org
C Ronald S. Kelley, Vermont Department of Forests, Parks and Recreation, Bugwood.org
D Joseph OBrien, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org


Dothistroma Needle Blight

A Steven Munson, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org
B USDA Forest Service, Northern and Intermountain Region, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org
C Eva Grimme, Montana State University
D Petr Kapitola, Central Institute for Supervising and Testing in Agriculture, Bugwood.org


Dutch Elm Disease

A Joseph OBrien, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org
B Minnesota Department of Natural Resources , Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Bugwood.org
C George Hudler, Cornell University, Bugwood.org
D William M. Brown Jr., Bugwood.org


Fire Blight

A P.G. Psallidas, Benaki Institute, Athens, Bugwood.org
B Elizabeth Bush, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Bugwood.org
C William Jacobi, Colorado State University, Bugwood.org
D Rebekah D. Wallace, University of Georgia, Bugwood.org


Kabatina Tip Blight

A Bruce Watt, University of Maine, Bugwood.org
B Penn State Department of Plant Pathology & Environmental Microbiology Archives, Penn State University, Bugwood.org
C Bruce Watt, University of Maine, Bugwood.org


Marssonina Leaf Blight

A William Jacobi, Colorado State University, Bugwood.org
B Manfred Mielke, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org
C William Jacobi, Colorado State University, Bugwood.org
D Eva Grimme, Montana State University


Nectria Canker

A John Hartman, University of Kentucky, Bugwood.org
B Ansel Oommen, Bugwood.org
C Andrej Kunca, National Forest Centre - Slovakia, Bugwood.org
D USDA Forest Service - Ogden, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org


Oak Leaf Blister

A Penn State Department of Plant Pathology & Environmental Microbiology Archives, Penn State University, Bugwood.org
B Michael Kangas, NDSU - North Dakota Forest Service, Bugwood.org
C Bruce Watt, University of Maine, Bugwood.org
D Bruce Watt, University of Maine, Bugwood.org


Phomposis Tip Blight

A Robert L. Anderson, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org
B Robert L. Anderson, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org
C Bruce Watt, University of Maine, Bugwood.org
D Bruce Watt, University of Maine, Bugwood.org


Powdery Mildew

A Andrej Kunca, National Forest Centre - Slovakia, Bugwood.org
B Petr Kapitola, Central Institute for Supervising and Testing in Agriculture, Bugwood.org
C Bruce Watt, University of Maine, Bugwood.org
D Clemson University - USDA Cooperative Extension Slide Series, Bugwood.org


Rhabdocline Needle Cast

A John W. Schwandt, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org
B Dawn Dailey O’Brien, Cornell University, Bugwood.org
C Andrej Kunca, National Forest Centre - Slovakia, Bugwood.org
D John W. Schwandt, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org


Rhizosphaera Needle Cast

A Joseph OBrien, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org
B USDA Forest Service - North Central Research Station , USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org
C Bruce Watt, University of Maine, Bugwood.org
D Sandra Jensen, Cornell University, Bugwood.org


Shothole Blight

A Andrej Kunca, National Forest Centre - Slovakia, Bugwood.org
B Whitney Cranshaw, Colorado State University, Bugwood.org
C William M. Brown Jr., Bugwood.org
D William M. Brown Jr., Bugwood.org


Stigmina Needle Cast

A Bruce Watt, University of Maine, Bugwood.org
B Joseph OBrien, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org
C Bruce Watt, University of Maine, Bugwood.org


Sudden Needle Drop

A USDA Forest Service - North Central Research Station , USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org
B Eva Grimme, Montana State University
C Eva Grimme, Montana State University


Swiss Needle Cast

A USDA Forest Service - North Central Research Station , USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org
B Joseph OBrien, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org
C Petr Kapitola, Central Institute for Supervising and Testing in Agriculture, Bugwood.org
D Susan K. Hagle, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org


Venturia Leaf and Shoot Blight

A William Jacobi, Colorado State University, Bugwood.org
B Minnesota Department of Natural Resources , Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Bugwood.org


Western Gallrust

A USDA Forest Service - Ogden, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org
B James W. Byler, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org
C Rocky Mountain Research Station - Forest Pathology , USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org

 


INSECTS

Aphids
A G. Csoka, HFRI, Bugwood.org #5371398
B D. Cappaert, Bugwood.org #5422731
C Cranshaw, CSU, Bugwood.org #2200050


Ash Bark Beetles

A J. Solomon, USFS, Bugwood.org #3067012
B W. Cranshaw, CSU, Bugwood.org #5506335
C D. Cappaert, Bugwood.org #5371044


Ash Flower Gall Mite

A S. Katovich, Bugwood.org #5202097
B D. O’Brien, Cornell University, Bugwood.org #5458338
C A. Munson, USFS, Bugwood.org #1470186


Ash Plant Bug

A S. Katovich, Bugwood.org #1398085


Aspen Blotch Leafminer

A S. Katovich, Bugwood.org #5443552


Blister Mites

A W. Cranshaw, CSU, Bugwood.org #1325070


Bronze Birch Borer

A S. Valley, ODA, Bugwood.org #545856
B S. Katovich, Bugwood.org #1457024


Codling moth

A Clemson University -USDA Cooperative Extension Slide Series, Bugwood.org #1435202
B G. Csoka, HFRI, Bugwood.org #5429090
C M. Louadfel, Bugwood.org #5556837


Cooley Spruce Gall Adelgid

A W. Cranshaw, CSU, Bugwood.org #5445209
B Pennsylvania DCNR-Forestry, Bugwood.org #5018062
C W. Ciesla, FHMl, Bugwood.org #758020


Cottony Maple Scale

A E. Nelson, Bugwood.org #5360709
B D. Blackford, USFS, Bugwood.org #2181096

 

Douglas-fir Tussock Moth

A W. Guy, Bugwood.org #1587117
B D. Powell, USFS, Bugwood.org #1212015
C USFS-Region 2, Bugwood.org #1441052
D W. Ciesla, FHMl, Bugwood.org #5346085


Engraver Beetles

A S. Katovich, Bugwood.org #1398232
B S. Tunnock, USFS, Bugwood.org #2253083
C K. Walker, Museum Victoria, Bugwood.org #5403413


Eriophyid Mites

A Lauren Kerzicnik, Montana State University
B M. Zubrik, FRI, Slovakia, Bugwood.org #5379452
C S. Katovich, Bugwood.org #5424246


European Elm Scale

A J. Berger, Bugwood.org #5402456
B W. Cranshaw, CSU, Bugwood.org #5303021


Forest Tent Caterpillars

A W. Ciesla, FHMl, Bugwood.org #5537850
B W. Ciesla, FHMl, Bugwood.org #5509373
C W. Ciesla, FHMl, Bugwood.org #5509369
D W. Ciesla, FHMl, Bugwood.org #5509359


Giant Conifer Aphids

A B. Hammon, CSU, Bugwood.org #5495188
B W. Cranshaw, CSU, Bugwood.org #1476087


Leafcurl Ash Aphid

A W. Cranshaw, CSU, Bugwood.org #5445320
B W. Cranshaw, CSU, Bugwood.org #5445325
C L. Hyche, Auburn University, Bugwood.org #1419468


Leafhoppers

A W. Cranshaw, CSU, Bugwood.org #1455200


Mountain Pine Beetle

A S. Valley, ODA, Bugwood.org #5478685
B W. Cranshaw, CSU, Bugwood.org #5382166
C W. Ciesla, FHMl, Bugwood.org #1254003


Oystershell Scale

A W. Ciesla, FHMl, Bugwood.org #1254050
B W. Cranshaw, CSU, Bugwood.org #5509538
C W. Cranshaw, CSU, Bugwood.org #1325097


Pear Sawfly

A J. Payne, USDA-ARS, Bugwood.org #1224178
B L. Ingram, Bugwood.org #5401602


Pine Needle Scale

A J. Hanson, USFS, Bugwood.org #0949066
B US National Collection of Scale Insects Photographs, USDA-ARS, Bugwood.org #5111063


Poplar Borer

A J. Solomon, USFS, Bugwood.org #3046001
B W. Cranshaw, CSU, Bugwood.org #1476104
C J. Solomon, USFS, Bugwood.org #284067


Root Weevils

A C. Moorehead, Bugwood.org #5211047
B W. Cranshaw, CSU, Bugwood.org #5499242
C W. Cranshaw, CSU, Bugwood.org #5561106


Rough Bulletgall Wasp

A W. Ciesla, FHMl, Bugwood.org #5579319
B S. Katovich, Bugwood.org #5497086
C W. Cranshaw, CSU, Bugwood.org #5083021

Spruce Bud Scale
A S. Katovich, Bugwood.org #1593006

Spruce Spider Mite
A W. Strong, BC Ministry of Forests, Bugwood.org #5445600
B W. Strong, BC Ministry of Forests, Bugwood.org #5445597

Two-spotted Spider Mite
A F. Peairs, CSU, Bugwood.org #5361242
B W. Cranshaw, CSU, Bugwood.org #5369738

Western Spruce Budworm
A W. Ciesla, FHMl, Bugwood.org #758022
B W. Ciesla, FHMl, Bugwood.org #5466869
C W. Ciesla, FHMl, Bugwood.org #5466872

White Pine Weevil
A D. Herms, OSU, Bugwood.org #1523048
B S. Katovich, Bugwood.org #1199034
C W. Cranshaw, CSU, Bugwood.org #1326028

Willow Redgall Sawfly
A P. Kapitola, Central Institute for Supervising and Testing in Agriculture, Bugwood.org #4554074
B DAFF Archive, Bugwood.org #1194105
 

ABIOTIC ISSUES
 
Deep Planting/Grade Change
A Sarah Eilers, Montana State University
B Luana Vargas, Desert Botanical Garden, Bugwood.org
C Sarah Eilers, Montana State University

Deer
A David Stephens, Bugwood.org
B Whitney Cranshaw, Colorado State University, Bugwood.org

Drought Stress
A Robert L. Anderson, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org
B Charles Hoysa, Virginia Cooperative Extension, Bugwood.org
C Susan K. Hagle, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org

Fasciation
A Sarah Eilers, Montana State University
B Richard Krott, Tizer Botanical Gardens

Frost Crack
A Sarah Eilers, Montana State University
B Sarah Eilers, Montana State University

Herbicide Injury–Glyphosate
A Ansel Oommen, Bugwood.org

Herbicide Injury–Sythetic Auxins
A Brian Dintelmann; University of Missouri Weed Science Program
B Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Bugwood.org

Leaf Chlorosis
A Chance Noffsinger, Montana State University
B Joseph OBrien, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org
C Joseph OBrien, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org

Leaf Scorch
A Chance Noffsinger, Montana State University
B Chance Noffsinger, Montana State University

Seasonal Needle Drop
A Ladd Livingston, Idaho Department of Lands, Bugwood.org

Transplant Shock
A Joseph OBrien, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org
B Joseph OBrien, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org
C Joseph OBrien, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org

Voles
A Sarah Eilers, Montana State University
B Elizabeth Bush, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Bugwood.org
C Richard Krott, Tizer Botanical Gardens

Woodpeckers and Sapsuckers
A Terry Spivey, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org
B Alice Siebecker
C Joseph OBrien, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org
D Sarah Eilers, Montana State University